Posted by ShawnThomas on January 21, 2008, at 12:34:21
In reply to Re: Dopamine what meds increase it? » Phillipa, posted by ShawnThomas on January 20, 2008, at 18:41:44
Below is my list of FDA approved drugs for psychiatric or neurological conditions that inhibit dopamine reuptake, affect dopamine receptors, or are amphetamines that can potentially increase extracellular levels of dopamine in multiple ways. I decided to leave out the weight loss drugs unless anyone really wants to know about them. First, however, I will mention three Parkinson's disease drugs that can be used to increase levels of dopamine in the brain. Levodopa is the immediate precursor to dopamine. Entacapone is a selective, reversible catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) inhibitor that increases the bioavailability of levodopa. Entacapone does not cross the blood-brain barrier. Carbidopa is a peripheral aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) inhibitor. Carbidopa, which also does not cross the blood-brain barrier, is combined with levodopa to prevent its conversion to dopamine outside of the central nervous system.
Complete descriptions of the drugs' mechanisms of action and references for all the claims that I make here are available at http://www.neurotransmitter.net/drug_reference.html or http://www.neurotransmitter.net/parkinsons_drug_reference.html or http://www.neurotransmitter.net/migraine_drug_reference.html
*Drugs that inhibit dopamine reuptake:
Bupropion (Inhibits the dopamine transporter with low potency; a major active metabolite of bupropion, hydroxybupropion, is also a dopamine reuptake inhibitor)dexmethylphenidate
methylphenidate
pemoline (relevant at therapeutic concentrations???)
selegiline (weakly inhibits the reuptake of dopamine; however, the drug's primary metabolite, l-methamphetamine, is a more potent inhibitor of dopamine transporters. How relevant is this at therapeutic doses?)
sertraline (Zoloft; low potency dopamine reuptake inhibitor)
*Drugs that affect dopamine receptors:
amoxapine (D2, D4 antagonist)apomorphine (agonist at D1, D2, D3, D4, and D5 receptors)
aripiprazole (Depending on the cell type and function examined, aripiprazole is an agonist, partial agonist, or antagonist at D2 receptors. Likely to be a partial agonist at D3 receptors.)
bromocriptine (agonist at D2 and D3 receptors)
buspirone (Acts as an antagonist at D2 receptors, but its affinity for these receptors is 16-fold weaker than its affinity for serotonin 5-HT1A receptors.)
chlorpromazine (antagonist at D1 and D2 receptors as well as D3 and D4 receptors; may also be an inverse agonist at D2S receptors.)
clomipramine (binds to D2 and D3 receptors)
clozapine (low affinity inverse agonist at D2S receptors and a high affinity antagonist at D4 receptors)
dihydroergotamine (may also bind to D2 receptors)
fluphenazine (inverse agonist at D1, D2, D3, and D5 receptors; also binds with high affinity to D4 receptors)
haloperidol (an inverse agonist at D1, D2, D3, and D5 receptors; antagonist at D4 receptors)
loxapine (antagonist at D1, D2, and D3 receptors; also binds to D4 and D5 receptors)
molindone (antagonist at D2 and D3 receptors)
olanzapine (low potency antagonist at D1 receptors; inverse agonist at D2 receptors; antagonist at D3 and D4 receptors)
pergolide (agonist at D2 and D3 receptors; may also be a low potency agonist at D4 and D5 receptors)
perphenazine (potent D2 receptor antagonist; antagonist at D1, D3, and D4 receptors)
pramipexole (agonist at D2 and D3 receptors)
prochlorperazine (antagonist at D2 receptors; also binds to D3 and D4 receptors)
quetiapine (inverse agonist at D2 receptors)
risperidone (inverse agonist at D2 receptors; antagonist at D3 and D4 receptors)
ropinirole (agonist at D3 receptors and a very low potency agonist at D2 receptors)
thioridazine (binds to D2, D3, and D4 receptors)
thiothixene (binds to D2 receptors)
trifluoperazine (inverse agonist at D2 receptors; also binds with moderate affinity to D4 receptors)
trimipramine (high binding affinity for D2 receptors)
ziprasidone (antagonist at D2 receptors)
*Amphetamines:
dextroamphetamine sulfateAdderall (combination of dextroamphetamine saccharate; d,l-amphetamine aspartate monohydrate; dextroamphetamine sulfate; and d,l-amphetamine sulfate)
methamphetamine hydrochloride
Spot any errors or an FDA approved drug that I left out? Please let me know!
Shawn
poster:ShawnThomas
thread:807927
URL: http://www.dr-bob.org/babble/neuro/20080114/msgs/808147.html